Locomotive valve gear



Dec. 6, 1949 Filed Feb. 28, l94 4 J. A. M GREW LOCOMOTIVE VALVE GEAR 5 Shecs-Sheet 1 Dec. 6,1949 J, A. MCGREW 2,490,644

LOCOMOTIVE' VALVE GEAR Filed Feb. 28, 1944 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 WM Q4 2%? Dec. 6, 1949 J, MCGREW 2,490,644

LOCOMOTIVE VALVE GEAR Filed Feb. 28, 1944 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Dec, 6, 1949 .1. A. M GREW LOCOMOTIVE VALVE GEAR Filed Feb. 28, 1944 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 &%\

Dec. 6, 1949 J. A. MCGREW 2,490,544

LOCOMOTIVE VALVE GEAR Filed Feb. 28, 1944 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Dec. 6, 1949 UN I TED J S TATiE'S PATENT =2-,-490,644

LOCOMOTIVE VALVEGEAR John A. McGrew, Albany, N. Y. .App'licationFebi'uary'28, 1944', semi Nosszmss -:9 Claims. -1

This invention relatesto railway locomotives, and more particularly to'multiple engine, steam locomotives, of the general typeexemplifiedfby the disclosures in-my United States Patents No. 2,214,424 and No. 2,289,203.

The general object of the invention is to provide an improved locomotive of the class described employing novel un-iiiow engines for motive power. These engines embody-novel and advantageous features relating to valve-construction and operation, including intake va-lvecutofi controls and provisions for prolonging theexhaust periodby (means of'automatic pressure controlled poppet valves associatedwith theengine pistons. At the same time, there'are retained all of the advantages of flexibility, economy and simplicity of operation; and reduction of dynamic augment due to unbalance, which inhere in the earlier inventions described in the patents to -which reference has been made.

The present invention, in its preferred embcdiments, contemplates the provision of separate steam engines applied to each driving axle, each engine comprising four vertically disposedu-niflow'cylinders, one disposed in each quadrant formed by the intersection of the longitudinal center line of the locomotive with the air-is of the axle. Eachcylinder is provided with an intake valve of the poppet'typ'e andall four-of them are controlled as to neutral positioning; reversal, and changes in cut-ofi' by means'of-a revolving,

lifting cam drum which isshiftable laterally to attain the various settings of the valves to 'reverse the-engine,- varythe point of cut-011. or to dispose the valves in neutral position if a quicker stop is desired than would be obtained 'by-the use of the main throttle. Preferablygfluid-pressure means are provided for shifting the cam drum, and when a plurality of engines aresim'ultaneously controlled, the operation is coordinated by the use of pressure equalizing cylinders -or manifolds.

An'alternative embodiment of the invention includes the provision of :a servo motorand follow up mechanism for shifting the cam drums. The servo. motor is connected with. all of the drums bysuitable cranksand'linkages and it is arranged to accurately follow the movements of amanual controlling lever in thecab. Apower'rev-erse gear of conventional :design may be conveniently utilized asthe servocmotorwdevice when appro priately mounted uponthe locomotive: frame and connected withithe cam drums-of thee-engines.

The-use of -a cam drum of relatively large-di ameterinstead of a siender am shaftpmakes 2 possible longer veive travel" a'rid hence -aquicker opening of the intake poppet valves.

Another advantageous feature involves the use are renewable "wear sustaining insert at the leading edges or liiting fa-cesof the cam surfaces on the drum.

' Other objects of the inventioninclude the provisionof means "for lengthening and regulating the exhaust stroke of the non-condensing unifio'w engine loythe use of a poppet valve controlling an opening t rough the engine piston. An exhaust cavity is-iori-ned in each piston and this ex haust cavity has elongated ports-opening outwardly toward the cylinder walls and adapted to register with-the'cyli-nder exhaust ports positioned intermediate the length of the cylinders as in all uniiiowengines. *The I piston poppet valveis controlled-by changes in cylinder pressure. "The opening of the pistonvalve is efiected by the reduced cylinder pressure caused by the uncovering of i the usual unifiow exhaust openings. "The-opening of the poppet valve provides communication *between the cylinder and the main-eihaustports which is maintained after the closing of 'the-priniary-exhaust and up until the piston ports -are-in turnclosed tothe cylinder ports, at'which time all exhaustceases and the-compression stroke begins. This lengthening'of the exhaust period 'is-desir'able in view of the-factthat the normalcompression strokeis ninety percent and such high compression which this would give'would requirevery highcylinder clearance (for I example, nom ten to seventeen percentlysuch as used iii-certain Russian and German unillow engines;

Further objects and features of novelty will be apparent from the following specification when read in conection with the'accompanying drawings in which one embodiment of the invention is" illustratedbyway of example.

In the drawings;

Figure 1* is an outline view in side elevation of a lo-comotiveer'nbodying the principles of the invention, much detail unnecessary to the disclosureor the present invention-beingomitted;

Figure-*2 is a-diagrammatic plan view of the fluid actuated engine control systempomprising an important feature of the invention;

*Fig'ure 3' is-a vertical SGCBiOIlaIiVlBW of a portion of one 'of' the sets of-cylinders'- operatively connected to-each- *drivingaiile oi the locomotive, the" section -being taken substantially along the center line of I the pairof cylinderson one side or the-longitudinal center line of thei-ocomotive "Figure: 4' is a view i'n transverse vertical section through the truck of the locomotive, partly through the wheel centers and partly between the axles;

Figure 5 is a detail view in end elevation of one of the valve actuated cam drums;

Figure 6 is a fragmentary elevational view showing one half of one of the cam drums; and

Figure 7 is a diagram indicating the preferred relative timing of the valves and the cranks of all four of the cylinders upon both sides of an axle. 1

Figure 8 is a diagrammatic partial plan view of a modified form of the invention, utilizing mechanical linkages and a servo device for adjusting the valve cam drums;

Figure 9 is a vertical transverse sectional view showing one of the cam drums adapted for actuation by the device shown in Figure 8;

Figure 10 is a vertical sectional view taken on line Ill-40 of Figure 9;

Figure 11 is a transverse vertical sectional view through the frame of the locomotive showing the mounting of the servo motor device; and

Figure 12 is a diagrammatic view showing one means for indicating to the engineman the positions of the valve control drums.

In Figure 1 of the drawings, my improved locomotive is indicated generally by the reference numeral Ill and may comprise the forward boiler portion H and the rearwardly disposed cab i2, all being supported upon the main truck 13, the leading truck M, and the trailing truck is. In this particular instance, the main truck I3 is supported upon four driving axles It, being parts of the wheel and axle assemblies shown somewhat more clearly in Figure 4 of the drawings and in considerably more detail in my earlier patents to which reference has been made. The driving wheels are designated by the reference numerals 11.

Referring now more particularly to Figures 3 and 4 of the drawings, it will be seen that the main truck l3 of the locomotive includes the hollow inverted U-shaped side frames which are supported upon the bearing portions 2| of the 4 axles 16 by suitable or conventional bearings which are not shown in the drawings.

The solid axles it are rigid with the wheels I! and power is transmitted to the wheel and axle assemblies through a quill drive which comprises the hollow driving quill which has radial extensions 26 which project between the spokes 21 of the wheels and are operatively connected with these spokes by springs which are not shown in the drawings, but may follow any conventional design of resilient quill drives.

The central portion of the driving quill 25 is enlarged to provide the hollow gear portion 30 upon which gear teeth 3i are formed. Meshing with this gear portion 30 are the driving gears 33 which comprise part of a crank drive, which drive includes the four crank members 35, to which are connected the lower ends of the connecting rods 36.

Each of the connecting rods 36 is pivotally con- .nected at its upper end with a pin 31 carried by piston members 40. These pistons 40 reciprocate within the engine cylinders 42 which are disposed in pairs on each side of the transverse center line of the axles IS. The cylinders 14 are formed integrally with a casting 43 supported by or forming a part of the main truck l3. Each of the cylinders is provided with a liner 45.

The driving engines, of which the cylinders 42 form parts, are of the non-condensing unifiow type, having cam actuated intake valves in the cylinder heads and exhaust ports intermediate the lengths of the cylinders. The cylinder head casting 46 is provided with a valve seat 4'! above which an intake chamber or passageway 48 is formed, these seats being closed by a threaded plug 59 which may be removed to provide access to the intake valve. The intake valve member comprises the head 50 and the stem 5| which is guided by the boss 52. The lower end ofthe valve stem 51 carries an enlarged portion 53, a flange 54 of which provides a seat for the coil spring 55, the upper end of said spring bearing against the web 56 of the cylinder casting. The lower end of the enlarged portion 53 is bifurcated at 51 so as to straddle the narrowed ends 58 to the rocking lever 60. Each of these levers is centrally pivoted upon the pintle El supported as at 62 from a top plate 63, forming part of the engine frame or assembly. Each of these valve actuating rocking levers 68 is also provided with a cam follower nose 65 which bears upon the periphery of the timing cam drum 66.

The timing drum 6% is rotated in synchronism with the main driving gear 30 and is also shiftable transversely of the locomotive to change the timing of the intake valves of the cylinders of the engine. The construction and arrangement of the valve timing drum 66 will be readily apparent from Figure 4 of the drawings. The drum is provided with a central circular web 68 and a central axial tubular portion 69. The web 68 is provided, peripherally, with annular flanges which form a gear or pinion 10, the teeth of which mesh with the teeth of the main driving gear 30.

The drum 66 is supported upon a pair of hearing bushings 13, each being provided within one of the enlarged ends 14 of the tubular axial portion 69. The outer ends of the axle 12 are supported within the openings 15 formed in the frame casting 16. This supporting frame is either secured to or forms a part of the engine casting or housing 43 and may rest upon the bearings 17 within which the quill 25 turns. Each of the frames 16 upon either side of the main gear 30 is provided with cylindrical inwardly projecting portions 18 which enter the open ends of the drum 6B but with some slight clearance. Fitted for reciprocation within the cylindrical portions 18 are the piston elements 80, the rings 8| insuring an airtight fit of the piston within the cylinder 18. The piston is provided with a bushing 83 through which the axle 12 passes, the bushing 83 being adapted for sliding movement along the axle. Both the bushing 83 and the bushing 13 are provided with annular flanges between which anti-friction elements 85 may be interposed. It is understood that the pistons 88 are duplicated upon each side of the center line of the timing drum assembly and that a pressure fluid may be admitted to the spaces 86 within the cylindrical portion 18 and upon the faces of the pistons 80.

A passageway 81 is provided to which a fluid manifold is connected.

The cam surface of one side of the timing drums 66 is shown in Figures 5 and 6 of the drawings. The raised cam surface 90 comprises the forward camming portion and extends from the wide leading edge 9! formed by the exposed surface of an inserted roller 92, to the narrow rear or trailing edge 93, which in this embodiment is slightly less than from the forward edge. The substantially cylindrical opening in the drum 66 which is adapted to receivethe roller 92 is closed forapproximately- 270 of its periphery and thereforeislndaptedto retain the roller 92 against removal transversely. The roller 92 is adapted to be inserted' endwise and is retained in place by the removable coverplate 95 which may be secured in placelbyimeans of the fastening elements '96.

Another similar raised cam surface 98is provided upon each half of the drum fifi and this surface is adapted to actuate the valvesfor reverse operation. The reverse cam surface 98 has a leading edge I00 -andthe narrowedtrailing end ItI, this cam surface'being-disposedgenerally upon-the opposite side of the periphery of the drum from the forward cam;

It will be seen that the length and disposition of the leading edges of both of the cam surfaces 9B and Stare such that there is a point centrally ofeach half portion of the =drum-56 which contains no cammingsur-face. This, of course,- comprises a neutral position for theengi-nes.

It will be readily understood how the noses '65 of several valve actuating levers-6B follow the surface of the drum andareconta-ctedahd moved by the camming areas. In Figure '3 of the drawings, one end of the drum -56-is shown in cross section taken at "an intermediate point on the forward cam-surface-SB; the roller--92 having just contacted the nose 65- cfthe-right hand lever 66 and raised it tovalve opening position. At this particular adjustment of the cam drum 66, the cut-off for the valves is equal to the'anglea, this angle in the illustrated example being'approximately50. It will be readily understood that by shifting the drum-6S longitudinally of its-axis, the proper length ofthe care may be selected to give a desired cut-off for either forward or reverse operation.

As a means for controlling the adjustmentpf the timing drum 66,-there may be provided a system such as is illustrated diagrammatically in Figure '2 of the drawings. In this example, compressed air is utilized as the control fluid and is supplied from "any suitable source to thepipe I I0. Two manifolds of ratherlarge capacity are disposed along sideofthe'control cylinders, the one upon the left hand side of the locomotive being designated I I2and' the one on the "right hand side II3. 'Thepipes Hiand I respectively connect these manifolds withth'e 'valve'l I6. These manifolds are connected to the openings 8'! leading to the control cylinders (Bat each end of the several drums 68, by means of the short nipples Ill. The arrangement of the valve' I I5 and its connections is such that compressed air maybe led into the manifolds I12 and I13 alternatively, the manifold upon one side being opened to the atmosphere as pressure fluid'is admitted to the manifold on the opposite side. The manifolds are of ample capacity to provide immediate response and equalization of pressure on all of the drums.

Indicating means, shown diagrammatically at I in Figures '2 and 12, may be disposed in the cab and connected by any suitable means, indicated at l2I in Figure 2, with one-or more of the control cylinders-18. Such a signal or indicator may be electrical or actuated by fluid pres sure, and shouldshow whether the control drum is at its central neutral position of adjustment or set for forward or reverse operation. If desired, the indicator could also show the-amount ofcut-off attained breach-adjustment of the forward or. reverse cams.

One novelfform .of position indicatingmeans forming a part of the present invention is shown diagrammatically meme-1210f the: drawings. The drum '66 .is'provided :atfone Lend with a projecting annular flange 'twhich serves as .a trip device for :a'ctuating the .electric switches shcwn diagrammatically rat l4fi and I4 1 in Figure 12. These switches maybeof any-suitable ior 'kno'wn type and are eachprovided with a pair :of. actuating:arms I 48 and I49,- the arms of each pair being spaced apart and adapted to be contacted by the trip flange M5.

The -arrangement of the switches and the actuating:- arms with relation to the -trip flange be a readily understood from the drawin'gs. -In the position shown the drum: is at neutral, and boththe right hand and left handswitches are in off positions. Upon movement of the cam drum BG tothe' right in Fi'gure iz the outerswitch arm I49 will 'be'contacted by the flangeand the switch I41 will be closed and through "the circults I50 and the source of current i 5 I the forward signal'marked-F willbe energized. "When the switch arms149 are rotated in "a clockwise direction by thismovement'of the flange I45 they will remain in-such position until the'fiange I45 returns to neutral. Just before =reaching the neutral position the left hand projection or-arm of the pair I-49'will be contacted-and moved'to the left or in a counterclockwise direction and the signal F will be deenerg-ized; -It will-be noted that the neutralsignal -N-is always on,-except when it may be desired to turn it off by means of the manual switch 155,-a-nd it will-be understood thatwhen this signal isthe only one-energized, the drum is actuallyat the neutral .point. When, however, either the forwarding or reverse signals are energized togetherwith the neutrarsig-nal, it will be understood that the drum is in forward or reverse positionas indicated.

Upon movement of the drum-and flange I45-to the left, the left hand actuating arm of the'pair I48 will be contacted and theswitch'i ttwvill be rocked to -the left orin a'counterclockwise direction to closed position, whereuponthrough the circuit I53, the signalR will be energized. Simila'rly upon return of the drum to neutral position, the' fiange I45 will contact the right handelement of i the pair of actuators I 48 and will rotate the switch I46 to open position, de-energizi-ng the signal R and leaving the neutral signal showing alone.

Returning again to Figure 3 of the drawings, it will be seen that each of the I pistons til' are providedwith-suitable packing rings I 25,-and the pistons-are also provided-withinternalchambers I26 having depending portions IZ'l-upon each side ofthe piston. "These laterally-disposed chamber portions-are opensubstantially throughout, their vertical height upon their outer sides facing the walls ofthe cylinder and area'dapted" to communicate through the exhaust ports I '2 8 with the exhaust chambers l29=whichsurround thecylinders 42. These exhaust'chambers are suitably connected-with the exhaust-manifold I30 shown inFigurel of the drawings. The -upper interior chamber I 26 of the piston connects-withthespace I32 within the cylinder-'42 above the piston eii, through an opening I33 having lavalveaseat 134 uponwhichthe valve I35 is received during the expansion period. The valve 1315 is a :poppet valve having'a cylindrical portion I36 guided within the: hollow-boss IBI of' the piston casting and urged upwardly intofopeniiposition by means either-coil. spring I38. iThe'opening 139 vents 'the space within the boss I31 beneath the valve portion I30.

it will be readily understood that the provision of this spring-opened and compression-closed poppet valve will serve to lengthen and regulate the exhaust stroke of the non-condensing uniiiow engine described. The opening and closing of the piston poppet valve is controlled by the changes in cylinder pressure. The reduced cylinder pressure caused by the opening of the normal uniflow exhaust causes the piston valve to open. This provides a connection between the cylinder and the main exhaust ports which is maintained even after the closing of the primary exhaust orifices. Then when the piston ports constituted by the open passages I21, are in turn closed by nonregistry with the cylinder ports, all exhaust is stopped and the compression stroke begins.

In Figure '7 there is shown very diagrammatically the timing relationship of the valve actuating drum and the cranks of the two cylinders upon each side of the center line of the locomotive. For the purpose of applying these diagrams more readily to the locomotive and its controls, section lines IL-IL and IRIR are applied to Figure 2 of the drawings; and the left hand half of the diagram in Figure '7 represents diagrammatically the section taken on line 'IL-'IL and the right hand half shows the arrangement of the parts as taken on line lR-TR. It will be readily seen that the crank positions of the four cylinders are separated by 90, and the cranks on the same side of each axle are 180 apart. The relative position of the valve controlling cam drum is also indicated in this diagram. The right hand end of the drum is in valve-opening position for the forward right hand cylinder. The right hand rear cylinder intake valve is closed; the forward left hand cylinder is also closed; and the rear left hand cylinder valve is either closed or still open depending upon the length of cut-01f to which the drum is adjusted.

In Figures 8-11 inclusive, there is illustrated an installation for actuating the cam drums to set the timing of the valves in a very efiicient and positive manner, by the use of a servo motor device which may conveniently be adapted from a power reverse gear of familiar type. The cam drums 566 in this embodiment are of the same general nature as are the drums 65 of the pneumatically actuated embodiment and they are provided with the centrally disposed gear portions I'iii, which mesh with the teeth of the main gear 3i, and is shiftable relatively to said main gear. The central web I68 of the drum is provided with a lateral tubular portion I69 which is provided with a radial flange III. The drum is also provided with a web or spider I13 which has a hub I'M. Suitable antifriction devices such as ball or roller bearings I15 are provided within the parts I69 and Il whereby the drum I66 may both rotate and move longitudinally with respect to the supporting shaft I12 which is carried at its ends within the brackets I16.

A shiftable sliding member I80 is provided with a tubular bushing IBI and is adapted to slide upon the shaft H2. A radial flange I82 formed on the member I80 is secured face to face with a flanged cap I83, which is fitted around the tubular portion I09, III of the drum, so that the sliding member I80 embraces the flange Ill and will serve to shift the drum upon the shaft I12 when the member I80 is moved. Antifriction elements I84 are interposed between the flanges of the member I80 and theaxially disposed partsof the 8 drum to permit rotary movement of the drum with respect to the member I80.

An elongated rock shaft I85 is disposed along one side of the frame of the locomotive adjacent each drum of the multiple engines thereof. A crank I86 is keyed as at I81 to the shaft I85 adjacent each drum and is connected with the shiftable member I by means of the link I88, whereby upon rocking the shaft I in either direction from the positions shown in Figures 3, 9, and 11, the drums I66 will be shifted axially to bring the desired portions of the forward and reverse cams beneath the valve actuating followers, all described in connection with the earlier embodiment of the invention.

Indicated generally by the reference character 200 in Figures 8 and 11 of the drawings is a servo device which in this particular embodiment of the invention is a power reverse gear of a well known type. The reverse gear is shown in the drawings diagrammatically. The construction and operation will be clearly apparent to one skilled in the art to which this invention relates, and a mere detailed showing of a power reverse gear of this type is displayed in Locomotive Cyclopedia, edition of 1041, page 620.

Essentially, the power reverse gear 200 comprises the air cylinder 20I and a cross head guiding frame 202, which are provided with pedestals or feet 203 which are rigidly connected with the frame I3 of the locomotive, the device 200 being disposed transversely to the center line of the locomotive. A piston 205 reciprocates within the cylinder 20I and the piston rod 206 extends from the cylinder through the stufiing box 201 and is rigidly connected with the sliding cross head 208. The cross head is provided with a laterally extending arm 209 which is connected by means of the link 2! with a valve actuating lever 212. The lever 2I2 is a floating lever which is connected at the pivot point 2I3 with a crank or other means for actuating the valve contained within the valve casing 2I5 and arranged to admit air to one end or the other of the cylinder 20I to move the piston in the desired direction. Air is admitted to the valve casing through the pipe 2I6 and is exhausted therefrom through the pipe 2H. The cross head 208 is connected by means of the link 220 with the crank agm 22I which is keyed as at 222 to the rock shaft In the cab of the locomotive there is arranged a valve actuating lever or handle 225 which is adjustable along the quadrant 220 which may he graduated as desired. The lever 225 is connected by means of the linkage 221 with the point 230 on the flange actuating floating lever 2I2.

The actuation of this control means will be readily apparent. The device is shown in central or neutral position in Figure 8 of the drawings and the movement of the handle 225 in either direction will effect a corresponding movement of the lever 2I2 about the pivot point 232 as a center. This will shift the point 213 and open the valve to admit air upon the appropriate side of the piston 205. The piston and the cross head 208 will move in one direction or the other carrying with it the projection 209 which will shift the fulcrum or pivot point 232 of the floating lever 2 I2 and restore the valve to central position after the device has moved a distance corresponding to the shift of the handle 225. This mechanism comprises the follow up arrangement for the servo motor 200. The crank 22I will, of course, have been swung to a corresponding extent of movement-anathema shaft l85 -will haverotated to actuate all of the cam drums "56 thesame distance.-

Obviously the same cab. indicator installation may be employed in connection with this embodimentzasidescribed-zin relation to. the arrangement illustrated in Figures 2 and 4 of-the drawings.

It is understood that various changes and modifications may be made in the embodiments illustratedea'nd described herein without departing from the scope ofthe invention as defined by the subjoinediclaims- Havih thusdescribedthe invention, what is claimedas new... and desired to be secured by LettersPatentis;

I: Aaprime. mover comprising, in combination, amulticylinderuniflow steam engine mounted adjacentzto andin .drivingrelationship with a drive shaft; a: poppet valve controlling the intake of each cylinder, opening means for said valves each includingacamfollower, ahollow cam drum of relatively; large. diameter supported for rotary valveaactuating. movementand for axial timing adjustment: movement relative to said followers, said drumrhaving raised camareas on the outer surface thereof adapted to actuate said followers at properly timed'intervals, means for rotating said-zdrum in synchronism with said drive shaft, a. non-rotating, fluid pressure actuated, axially shiftabletransmission memberhoused within said hollow/drum and abutting. a" portion rigid with fherdrumgfor. effecting said axial timing. adjustment movement of the latter, and fluid pressure means for moving said transmission member at will.

2. The prime mover as set forth in claim 1 in which said cam drum is slidably and rotatably carried by a relatively fixed supporting shaft by means of a tubular axial stem forming part of the drum structure; in which said fluid pressure actuated means comprises a fixed fluid pressure cylinder received within the drum; in which said transmission means comprises a piston working in said cylinder, slidable on said supporting shaft, and adapted to bear axially against said stem; and in which anti-friction means is interposed between the stem and piston.

3. A prime mover comprising, in combination, a multicylinder unifiow steam engine mounted adjacent to and in driving relationship with a drive shaft, a poppet valve controlling the intake of each cylinder, opening means for said valves each including a cam follower, a hollow cam drum of relatively large diameter supported for rotary valve actuating movement and for axial timing adjustment movement relative to said followers, said drum having raised cam areas on the outer surface thereof adapted to actuate said followers at properly timed intervals, means for rotating said drum in synchronism with said drive shaft, a fluid pressure motor within said drum and connected thereto for effecting said axial timing adjustment movement of the drum, and actuating means for said motor.

4. A prime mover comprising, in combination, a multicylinder unifiow steam engine mounted adjacent to and in driving relationship with a drive shaft, a poppet valve controlling the intake of each cylinder, opening means for said valves each including a cam follower, a hollow cam drum of relatively large diameter supported for rotary valve actuating movement and for axial timing adjustment movement relative to said followers, said drum having raised cam areas on the outer surface thereof adapted to actuate said iii? followers at properly timed intervals, means for rotating said drum in synchronism with said drive shaft, a fluid pressure cylinder disposed within said drum, a piston within said cylinder, means operatively connecting said piston and said drum, and means for supplying fluid pressure to and exhausting it from said cylinder at will.

5 A prime mover comprising, in combination, a multicy'linder unifiow steam engine mounted adjacent to and in driving relationship with a drive shaft, a valve controlling the intake for each cylinder, opening means for said valves each including a cam follower, a cam drum driven from said shaft-and having raised cam surfaces thereon adapted to move said ca'm followers and control the opening of the valves, said cam surfaces hav-' ing lifting faces parallel to the axis of the drum, the surfaces-tapering obliquely rearwardly from said lifting faces to provide varying lengths of cut-ofi depending upon the axially shifted position of the drum with respect to the followers, and fluid pressure controlled means at each end of thedrum andoperati'ng in alternation to shift the drum axially, and manual operable means for supplying fluid pressure selectively to said fluidipressure controlled means at opposite ends of-th'e drum and simultaneously venting the pressurefiuid from the ones not being supplied.

6; In aprime mover, as set forth in claim-5, a plurality of such engines, each having one. of said valve: controlling cam drums and fluid pressure controls,-. and in which manifolds of great capac ityserveto' connect the supplying means with the ends of said drums, whereby the response of said drums may be immediate and the controlling pressure quickly equalized.

7. A prime mover comprising, a multicylinder unifiow steam in combination, engine mounted adjacent to and in driving relationship with a drive shaft, a poppet valve controlling the intake of each cylinder, opening means for said valves each including a cam follower, a hollow cam drum of relatively large diameter supported for rotary valve actuating movement and for axial timing adjustment movement relative to said followers, said drum having raised cam areas on the outer surface thereof adapted to actuate said followers at properly timed intervals, gear teeth on said drum peripherally and centrally thereof, the cam areas being disposed upon either side of said gear teeth, a gear on said drive shaft meshing continually with the gear teeth on the drum regardless of the shifted position of the drum, whereby said drum is rotated in synchronism with said drive shaft, a transverse web extending across said drum centrally thereof and within the plane of said gear teeth, a tubular stem extending axially in each direction from said web and slidingly mounted on a fixed supporting shaft, fluid pressure actuated means operatively connected with each of said stems for shifting the drum to vary the valve timing.

8. A prime mover comprising, in combination, a multicylinder unifiow steam engine mounted adjacent to and in driving relationship with a drive shaft, a poppet valve controlling the intake of each cylinder, opening means for said valves each including a cam follower, a hollow cam drum of relatively large diameter supported for rotary valve actuating movement and for axial timing adjustment movement relative to said followers, said drum having raised cam areas on the outer surface thereof adapted to actuate said followers at properly timed intervals, means for rotating said drum in synchronism with said drive shaft,

a non-rotating, fluid pressure actuated, axially shiftable transmission member housed within said hollow drum and abutting a portion rigid with the drum for efiecting said axial timing adjustment movement of the latter, and a fluid pressure servomotor operatively connected with said transmission member, and manually operated means for controlling said servo-member.

9. A prime mover comprising, in combination, a multicylinder uniflow steam engine mounted adjacent to and in driving relationship with a drive shaft, a poppet valve controlling the intake of each cylinder, opening means for said valves each including a cam follower, a hollow cam drum of relatively large diameter supported for rotary valve actuating movement and for axial timing adjustment movement relative to said followers, said drum having raised cam areas on the outer surface thereof adapted to actuate said followers at properly timed intervals, gear teeth on said drum peripherally and centrally thereof, the cam areas being disposed upon both sides of said gear teeth, a gear on said drive shaft meshing continually with the gear teeth on the drum regardless of the shifted position of the drum, whereby said drum is rotated in synchronism with said drive shaft, a non-rotating, fluid pressure actuated, axially shiftable transmission member housed within said hollow drum at each end thereof and abutting portions rigid with the drum effecting said axial timing adjustment movements of the latter, and fluid pressure means operatively connected with the transmission 12 member at both ends of said drum for moving said transmission members at will.

JOHN A. MCGREW.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

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